Oil burner



April 3, 1934.

H. B; HEINEKE ET AL OIL BURNER Filed Sept. 24, 1930 2 Sheets-Sheet l April 3, 1934.

H. B; HEINVEKIE El AL OIL BURNER 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Sept. 24, 1930 Patented Apr. 3, 1934 ms sraras OIL BURNER Heinrich Bernhard Heineke and Alfred Nielsen, Copenhagen, Denmark Application September 24, 1930, Serial No. 484,189 In Denmark October 3, 1929 4 Claims.

vapour and air is directed to a mixing chamber,-

end from there through wire screen into the furnace chamber, where the combustion takes place. A portion of the final mixture of oil vapour and air is directed from the mixing chamber to .afire below the oil-evaporating chamber, where it burns and, thereby, maintains the evaporation of the oil.

The novel feature of the present invention consists in an especially suitable construction of such oil burners enabling the members belonging to the oil burner to be built together inside of a very restricted space, and in various details further described in the following, whereby the security of service and the adjustability of the burner will be increased.

One construction of the invention is illustrated on the drawings, where Fig. 1 shows the burner in front elevation, Fig. 2 the same in top View, Fig. 3 is a section of the same on the plane indicated by the lines 3-3 in Figs. 2 and 6,

Fig. 4 the oil-evaporating chamber with the mixing channel in top view, and

Fig. 5 a partial section along the line5-5 in Fig. 4.

. Fig. 6 is a horizontal sectional view looking downwardly and taken on the plane indicated by the line 66 of Fig. 3.

Fig. 7 is a similar view taken on the plane indicated by the line 7-7 of Fig. 3. a

From an oil-tank '7 and oil-pipe 8 with a stop-- valve 9 leads the oil to a regulating valve 10, and from there a pipe 11 conveys the oil farther on to a vessel 12, in which the oil is evaporated. This vessel is annular and is fitted with a radial- 1y disposed transverse partition 13, see Fig. 4.

The oil-supplying pipe 11 enters the vessel 12' close to this partition, and the oil or the vapours formed thereof are forced to circulate through the annular space 12, until the oil vapours, through an opening 14, Figs. 4 and 5, escape into an annular channel 15 cast in one with the'vessel l2 and fitted, like the latter, with a. transverse partition 16, Fig. 4. After having circulated through the channel 15 the oil vapours are directed through an orifice 17 into a mixing chamber 18 disposed on top of the oil-evaporating vessel 12.

By means of a. fan not shown on the drawings atmosphericair is pressed through a pipe 19, in which a regulating valve 20 with operating handle 21 is inserted. The pipe 19 terminates at the mixing chamber 18 but is here, as shown in Fig.5, bent downward and is stopped by a wall C9 22, in such a manner that all of the air admitted will be pressed down into the mixing channel 15.

As shown in Fig. 5 the atmospheric air is blown directly against the oil vapour ascending from the channel 14 so as to produce immediately a (55 very intensive mixture of air and oil vapour, which flows further on through the channel 15. In order that a too liberal supply of air to the mixing channel 15 may not cause such an excess pressure therein and in the oil-evaporating chamber 12 that the supply of oil by way of the pipes 8 and 11 would be impeded, a pipe 23 branches off from the pipe 19 to the oil tank 7, in such a manner that an increased pressure in the pipe 19 will propagate itself to the tank 7, so that the pressure in the latter will increase automatically, when the supply of air through the pipe 191s increased, and will drop when the supply of air is reduced. As shown in Fig. 1 the pipe 23 is extended into the pipe 19, and the orifice 24 of the pipe 23 is directed forward towards' the incoming air, so that the kinetic energy of the latter will be utilized to increase the pressure. in the pipe 23 and in the tank 7.

Themixing chamber 18 is fitted with a cover 25. The mixing chamber 18 communicates with a discharge channel or neck 2'7 for the mixture of oil vapour and air. The channel 27 is of rectangular cross-section, and as' shown in Figs. 3 and 4 its edges are chamfered so as to fit exactly into a rectangular aperture in a cast-iron plate 50, the edges 28 of which are similarly chamfered. By means of two threaded bolts 29 and 30, Fig.

2, the mixing tank 18 is maintained pressed against the plate 50, and in the joint between the neck 27 and the edges 28 a metal-wire net 31 is pinched. The interior of the neck 27 is fitted with vertical and horizontal walls 32 dividing the neck 27 into a number of parallel channels 33 by way 01' which the mixture of oil vapour and air is guided forward to the wire net 31 on the outside of which it is ignited and burned. I

The plate 50 is fitted, on the rear side, with a flange 51 lined with refractory blocks 52, and the flange 51 is inserted into the fire door of the fur-. nace.- The plate 50 is fastened to the furnace v wall by means of bolts 53, see Fig. l. The tank '7 is suspended on the plate 50 by means of screws 54.

The cover 25, the chamber 18 and the oil-evapcrating vessel 12 are pressed together by means of a pipe 34 screwed into the bottom of the vessel 12 and fitted at top with a nut 35. The side of the pipe 34 is fitted with an aperture 36 facing the mixing chamber 18, and an extension 3''! of the pipe 34, which is held in position by a sleeve 38, is fitted with some openings covered by an annular net 39. The pipe 34 is closed at top, and the pipe 37 is closed at bottom below the net 39. The portion of the mixture of oil vapour and air, which from the mixing chamber 18 penetrates through the opening 36 into the pipe 34, flows out at bottom through the net 39 and burns in the space 40 between the pipe 37 and the annular vessel 12. On the outside of the lattera shield 41 is hung, which is fitted at top with openings 42 for ventilation. The flames from the fire around the net 39 sweep from all sides below the tank 12, the bottom face of which is fitted with radially disposed ribs 43, and the combustion gases escape by way of the apertures 42 'to the open air. Thereby the evaporation of oil in the vessel 12 is maintained.

In the mixing chamber 18, above the apertur 17 leading the mixture of oil vapour and air from the mixing channel 15 to the mixing chamber 18, and on either side of this opening, a wall 57 is provided. A bolt 58 connects said walls and forms the pivot of *a funnel-shaped shield or baflle 59 adapted to guide directly towards the opening 36 in the pipe 34 the mixture of oil vapour and air ascending by way of the aperture 17. The chamber 18 is fitted with a screw 60 pressing directly on the shield 59, in such a manner that by further lowering of the screw 60 the end of the shield 59 facing the aperture 36 can be lifted, so that the arrivingmixture of oil vapour and air no more flows directly towards the aperture 36. By ad-, justment of the screw 60 the quantity of the portion of the mixture of oil vapour and air flowing through the aperture 36 can thus beregulated,

.which is of especial importance when the fire has to burn with low capacity for some longer period. When that is the case, the flame burning near the net 39 is inclined to die out, but by adjustment of the shield 59, as shown in Fig. 3, it isfeasible toadjust the quantity of the mixture of oil vapour and air directed downward through the pipe 34 in such a manner that the flame at the net 39 will receive sufficient nourishment.

The shield 41 is extended downward forming a receptacle 44 which is open at top. 0n the side of the receptacle 44 there is suspended a receptacle 45 communicating by way of a pipe 46 with the first mentioned receptacle. A pipe 4'7 directs atmospheric air from the pipe 19 to a burner head 48 within the receptacle 44.

When the oil fire has to be started benzine or the like is poured into the receptacle .45, from where it flows into the receptacle 44; Atmospheric air is then directed through the pipe 47 to the receptacle 44, and the benzine in the latter is then ignited. Thereby the receptacle 44 and the oil-vaporating vessel 12 are heated, and when the benzine is burnt away solaroil or the like may be filled into the receptacle 45, as the heat in the.

receptacle 44 is now sufficiently intense for the solar oil to burn therein. Gradually so much oil vapour is generated in the vessel 12 that a combustible mixture of oil vapour and air will flow out through the net 39, where it is ignited by the heat from the burner 48, and the fire is thereby started. Nothing remains now but to ignite the mixture of oil vapour and air flowing into the furnace by way of the net 31.

The regulating valves 10 and 20 for oil and atmospheric air, respectively, have their spindles interconnected by means of a connecting rod 55, Fig. 1, in such a manner that both valves can be adjusted simultaneously by motion of the handle 21. The passage ways of the valves are adjusted relatively to one another in such a manner that the quantity of oil supplied will correspond tothe quantity of air supplied, and this ratio remains unaltered even when the valves are adjusted by rotation of the handle 21.

The tank '7 receives its supply of oil from a reservoir by way of a pipe 56, see Figs. 1 and 2, and inside of the tank a float is suspended, which regulates the supply of oil in such a manner that the oil level in the tank '1 remains constant, as the same quantity of oil is supplied by way of the pipe 56 as the quantity escaping by way'of the pipe 8.

The edges of the net 31, as described above, are pinched between the neck 2'7 and the plate 50, see Fig. 3, and the netis further fastened or attached to the walls 32, so that the net is forced to retain its plane shape, even after a long period of use.

The apparatus is very easy to take apart, when it has .to be cleaned. When the pipes 11 and 47 have been removed, the shield 41 can be taken off, and when the nut 35 is unscrewed, the vessel 12 with the channel 15 can be removed. It is in this respect a very great advantage that the pipe 19 for the atmospheric air supplied terminates in the wall of the mixing chamber 18, so that this pipe does not have to be removed together with the vessel '12, when the latter has to be cleaned for the substances precipitated by the oil. The feature that the mixing channel 15 is built together with thexoil-evaporating vessel 12 and, is situated inside of the shield 41 enables -a greatsuperheating of the channel 15 to be attained, so that the oil vapours do not condense therein. A very intensive mixing of oil vapour and air is caused by the feature that the oil vapours ascending through the channel-l4 meet an opposing preheated current of air flowing from the pipe 19 down into the mixing channel 15. When this mixture, by way of the opening 17, flows up into the mixing chamber 18, it will be conveyed directly towards the aperture 36 in the pipe 34, as indicated by arrows in Fig. 3, whereby a portion of the mixture is'blown so forcibly down through the pipe 34 and out through the net ,39 that any danger of the flame flashing back through the pipe 34 will be precluded. The portion of the mixture not passing down through the pipe 34 passes outside of the same and outside of the shield 26 to the channels 33, which convey the mixture directly to the net 31. The presence of the walls 32 forming boundaries of the channels 33 causes the mixture of oil vapour and air to be. moved straight through the net 31, so that any formation of eddies in front of this net will be precluded, whereby any tendency of the flame burning behind the net 31 to flash back through this net will be eliminated.

The oil burner worksv silently and is able to burn oil of low quality. The device is of compact construction, easy to regulate, easy to take apart, cheap to produce and absolutely secure in service. The described construction has proved suitable in every respect, but the detail arrangements described may of course be modified. so that the oil burner may also be used in other constructions adJusted according to the intended use of the oil burner, for instance for stoves,

kitchen ranges, central-heating boilers, industrial furnaces etc.

We claim:

1. An oil burner comprising an annular vessel forming an evaporator; means to supply oil to said vessel, a mixing channel for oil vapor and air with which the evaporator communicates,

means to supply compressed air to said channel, a

2. An oil burner as claimed in claim 1, in which the means for deflecting a portion of the mixture comprises a bafile arranged in the path of the mixture entering the mixing chamber fro the mixing channel.

3. An oil burner as claimed in claim 1, in which the discharge duct which leads from the mixing chamber is at one side of said chamber and is provided with a foraminous screen.

4. An oil burner as claimed in claim 1, in which the discharge duct which leads from the mixing chamber is at one side of said chamber and is providedwith a foraminous screen and is also provided with spaced walls dividing the same into channels for guiding the mixture to the foraminous screen. v

HEINRICH BERNHARD HEINEKE. 1 ALFRED NIELSEN. 

